The Later Roman Republic part 2
Structure of Roman Society part 1
Roman society was very stratified, the factors invovled were:
a. Wealth >< poor, unabridged gap
b. Freedom: free > slave: concepts of freedom: dirty professions
c. Citizenship: privileges and protection
d. Division; not just snobbery -> enshrined in law:- Italians -> Social War; wealth limits for strata e.g. Comitia Centuriata – century decided by on property qualifications
2. Upper Classes
a. Senate: 300<600<900 landed aristocracy; political (only the Senate), social, economic(Equestrians) elite >< debarred from commerce/trade theoretically
* Exclusive? -> Patricians, plebeians, novi hominess (new man): not exclusive but controlled inclusion: between Cato and Marius only 4 novi hominess reached the consulship; Cicero boasted he was 1st in living memory >
200 BC-107 BC – 29 consuls elected from families who had no consuls in their family
100 BC-64 BC – 11 consuls elected from families with no connection to the consulship.
b.Equites: origins in military organisation
-> Non political wing of aristocracy/business classes: empire -> growth of wealth, public contracts
-> Important political pressure group: 122 BC extortion courts recognises them: act with/v senate depending on interests involved
-> Shares some values: sons of senators; land owning; wealthy (400 000HS); yet Cicero could speak of a clear distinction between himself and his friend Atticus.
-> Constantly renewed with new members – assimilation to ‘business classes’
3. People: free citizens: voting rights, legal protection, army service
4. Intermediate levels
- non-citizens freemen: Latin rights, Italians, foreigners
- women, children: no rights
- freedmen: vote but not hold office or join army
- slaves
- all enjoyed differing status and relationships with each other
Structure of Roman Society part 1
Roman society was very stratified, the factors invovled were:
a. Wealth >< poor, unabridged gap
b. Freedom: free > slave: concepts of freedom: dirty professions
c. Citizenship: privileges and protection
d. Division; not just snobbery -> enshrined in law:- Italians -> Social War; wealth limits for strata e.g. Comitia Centuriata – century decided by on property qualifications
2. Upper Classes
a. Senate: 300<600<900 landed aristocracy; political (only the Senate), social, economic(Equestrians) elite >< debarred from commerce/trade theoretically
* Exclusive? -> Patricians, plebeians, novi hominess (new man): not exclusive but controlled inclusion: between Cato and Marius only 4 novi hominess reached the consulship; Cicero boasted he was 1st in living memory >
200 BC-107 BC – 29 consuls elected from families who had no consuls in their family
100 BC-64 BC – 11 consuls elected from families with no connection to the consulship.
b.Equites: origins in military organisation
-> Non political wing of aristocracy/business classes: empire -> growth of wealth, public contracts
-> Important political pressure group: 122 BC extortion courts recognises them: act with/v senate depending on interests involved
-> Shares some values: sons of senators; land owning; wealthy (400 000HS); yet Cicero could speak of a clear distinction between himself and his friend Atticus.
-> Constantly renewed with new members – assimilation to ‘business classes’
3. People: free citizens: voting rights, legal protection, army service
4. Intermediate levels
- non-citizens freemen: Latin rights, Italians, foreigners
- women, children: no rights
- freedmen: vote but not hold office or join army
- slaves
- all enjoyed differing status and relationships with each other
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